Description
The IRF520N is a widely used N-Channel Power MOSFET designed for applications that require medium-voltage blocking (100V) and moderate current handling. It is often found in hobbyist projects and cost-sensitive industrial designs.
Key Specifications
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Transistor Type: N-Channel MOSFET
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Drain-Source Voltage ($V_{DS}$): 100 V
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Continuous Drain Current ($I_D$): 9.7 A (typically rounded to 10 A)
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On-Resistance ($R_{DS(on)}$): $0.27 \ \Omega$ (Max)
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Power Dissipation ($P_D$): 60 W
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Package Type: TO-220
Pinout Configuration
When looking at the front of the TO-220 package (the metal tab is at the top) with the pins pointing down, the pins from left to right are:
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Gate (G)
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Drain (D)
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Source (S)
Comparison: IRF520N vs. IRF530N
While both are 100V MOSFETs, they are tuned for different current requirements.
| Feature | IRF520N | IRF530N |
| Max Current ($I_D$) | 9.7 A | 14 A |
| $R_{DS(on)}$ | $0.27 \ \Omega$ | $0.11 \ \Omega$ |
| Power Dissipation | 60 W | 79 W |
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Selection Insight: The IRF520N is typically chosen for its affordability and sufficient performance in lower-power switching applications where the higher capacity of the IRF530N or IRF540N is unnecessary.
Common Applications
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Low-Power PWM Motor Control: Frequently used in small-motor speed controllers.
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LED String Switching: Capable of handling moderate-sized LED arrays.
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Solenoid/Relay Drivers: Ideal for switching industrial or automotive small-load coils.
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General Purpose Logic Switching: Used as an electronic switch for various 12V–24V system modules.
Usage Best Practices
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The “Logic-Level” Trap: A common mistake is using the IRF520N directly with a 3.3V or 5V microcontroller pin. While it can turn on, it will have a very high resistance, causing it to overheat and potentially fail. For optimal performance ($0.27 \ \Omega$), always use a 10V gate drive. If you only have 5V available, use a small NPN transistor to boost the gate voltage.
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Heatsinking: Even though the maximum rating is 60W, standard practice is to use a heatsink if the device is dissipating more than a few watts. If the MOSFET feels too hot to touch while operating, it needs a larger heatsink or a more efficient gate drive.
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Inductive Loads: Since this MOSFET is rated for 100V, remember that inductive loads (motors/coils) can create voltage spikes far exceeding 100V when turned off. Always pair this with a flyback diode or an R-C snubber network to protect the device.
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