HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Detector 3.3V-5V
The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Detector 3.3V-5V is a highly reliable and widely used distance measuring module ideal for robotics, automation, and obstacle detection projects. Operating within a voltage range of 3.3V to 5V, it offers excellent compatibility with microcontrollers such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and other development boards. Using ultrasonic waves, it can accurately detect objects and measure distances typically ranging from 2 cm up to 400 cm, with a precision of about 3 mm. The module features a transmitter and receiver pair that sends and detects ultrasonic pulses, calculating the time delay to determine the distance to an object. Compact, lightweight, and easy to integrate, the HC-SR04 is a cost-effective solution for applications such as smart robots, distance monitoring, automatic parking systems, and object avoidance technologies.
Features
- Wide Operating Voltage Works with both 3.3V and 5V, compatible with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and other controllers.
- Long Range Detection Measures distances from 2 cm up to 400 cm (4 meters).
- High Accuracy Offers a measurement accuracy of approximately ±3 mm.
- Simple Interface Uses standard Trigger and Echo pins for easy integration.
- Compact Design Lightweight and small, ideal for robotics and embedded systems.
- Low Power Consumption Efficient operation suitable for battery-powered projects.
- Versatile Applications Perfect for obstacle avoidance, distance measurement, object detection, and automation systems.
Specifications
| Specification |
Details |
| Operating Voltage |
3.3V – 5V |
| Operating Current |
15 mA |
| Operating Frequency |
40 kHz |
| Measuring Range |
2 cm – 400 cm |
| Accuracy / Resolution |
±3 mm |
| Trigger Input Signal |
10 µs TTL pulse |
| Echo Output Signal |
TTL pulse, proportional to distance |
| Measuring Angle |
< 15° |
| Sensor Dimensions |
45mm X 20mm X 15mm |
| Effective Output |
Pulse width corresponds to distance |
| Communication Interface |
Trigger (input) & Echo (output) pins |
| Compatibility |
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Microcontrollers |
Pinout
| Pin Number |
Pin Name |
Description |
| 1 |
Vcc |
The Vcc pin powers the sensor, DC3.3-5V |
| 2 |
Trigger |
Trigger pin is an Input pin. This pin has to be kept high for 10us to initialize measurement by sending US wave. |
| 3 |
Echo |
Echo pin is an Output pin. This pin goes high for a period of time which will be equal to the time taken for the US wave to return back to the sensor. |
| 4 |
Ground |
This pin is connected to the Ground of the system. |
Interfaces for HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
| Interface |
M1 |
M2 |
|
| GPIO (General Purpose I/O) |
NC |
NC |
|
| I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) |
NC |
R8 |
|
| UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) |
R7 |
NC |
|
| 1-WIRE |
R7 |
R8 |
|
| Interface |
Usage |
Connection |
Description |
| GPIO (General Purpose I/O) |
Digital signal output for distance measurement. |
Connect Trigger Pin to a digital output pin and Echo Pin to a digital input pin of the microcontroller. |
Used for triggering the sensor and reading the echo for distance calculation. |
| I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) |
Allows communication with multiple devices over two wires (SDA and SCL). |
Connect SDA and SCL to the respective pins on your microcontroller with pull-up resistors (typically 4.7kΩ). |
Enables communication with multiple devices on the same bus using just two wires. |
| UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) |
Serial communication for sending and receiving data. |
Connect TX to RX and RX to TX of the microcontroller (with voltage level shifting if necessary). |
Used for serial communication to transmit or receive data to/from the sensor. |
| 1-WIRE |
A single-wire interface for multiple device communication. |
Connect the data line to the Trigger Pin with a pull-up resistor (typically 4.7kΩ) to the supply voltage. |
Allows communication between multiple devices over a single wire. |
Wiring and Resistor Configuration
| Interface |
Resistor Configuration |
Description |
| GPIO (General Purpose I/O) |
Echo Pin: 1kΩ resistor in series with the Echo Pin (if interfacing with a 3.3V system). |
Ensures safe voltage level for the microcontroller (e.g., Arduino with 5V logic). |
| I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) |
SDA/SCL Lines: 4.7kΩ pull-up resistors on both the SDA and SCL lines. |
Required for proper I2C communication to ensure signal integrity. |
| UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) |
TX/RX Lines: Level shifting may be required if interfacing with a 3.3V system. Use a voltage divider (typically 1kΩ and 2kΩ resistors). |
Ensures the voltage levels between the HC-SR04 and microcontroller are compatible (for UART communication). |
| 1-WIRE Interface |
Data Line: 4.7kΩ pull-up resistor between data line and supply voltage. |
Required to ensure reliable communication over the 1-WIRE data line. |
Functionality of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
Distance Measurement: The HC-SR04 sensor uses ultrasonic sound waves to measure the distance to an object. The sensor emits a pulse via the Trigger Pin. The pulse travels, hits an object, and returns to the sensor, which detects it through the Echo Pin. The time taken for the echo to return is proportional to the distance.
Drawing
Applications
- Robotics & Drones.
- Smart Vehicles.
- Industrial Automation.
- Security Systems.
- IoT Projects.
- Educational Kits.
- DIY Electronics.
Package Contents
- 1 x HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Detector 3.3V-5V
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